Surgical Scopes
Scopes are diagnostic instruments used for the general examinations of
different parts like ear nose throat and eye etc.
An
otoscope is a hand-held instrument with a light, a magnifying
lens and a cone-shaped attachment called an ear speculum. It is used to
examine the external ear, ear canal, internal ear and the ear drum. It is
used as a part of usual ear examination or in case of ear infection or other
ear problems. It is also called ear scopes. Some otoscopes can deliver a
small puff of air to the eardrum to see if the eardrum will vibrate. This
type of ear examination with an otoscope can also detect a build up of wax
in the ear canal, or a rupture or puncture of the eardrum.
The lens the light and the speculum are all detachable parts. Varying
intensity of lights and magnifying lens can be used as per the purpose of
investigation.
Ophthalmoscope is used for the interior of the eye. Light is thrown
into the eye by a concave mirror and the interior is then examined. A lens
may or may nor be used. the instrument consists of a mirror that reflects
light into the eye and a central hole through which the eye is examined.
The
Ophthalmoscope was invented by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1850.
It has since then helped the clinicians to identify eye diseases in time.
His model had three glass plates pressed together mounted on the handle at
45°. the light was passed through the plates from a different light
source. todays version used a concave mirror with the light source in built
in the handle. The ophthalmoscope is equipped with a rotating disc of lenses
to permit observation of the eye at varying depths and magnifications.
Examination of the eye may be enhanced by administering drugs to dilate the
pupil.
